Fissure

A fissure, specifically an anal fissure, is a small tear or crack in the lining of the anal canal. This condition often causes significant discomfort and pain, especially during and after bowel movements. Symptoms typically include sharp pain, itching, and sometimes bleeding. The tear is usually caused by trauma or irritation, such as passing hard stools, chronic constipation, or prolonged diarrhea.

Anal fissures can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute fissures are recent and often heal with conservative treatment, while chronic fissures persist for more than six weeks and may require more advanced interventions.

Treatment often begins with conservative measures, including increasing fiber intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and using topical treatments or medications to relieve pain and promote healing. Warm baths and proper hygiene are also recommended.

In cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, medical procedures such as sphincterotomy or Botox injections may be considered to relax the anal sphincter and facilitate healing. Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.